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1/2 Real - Philip III

Issuer Casa de Moneda de Potosí
Year 1596-1617
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central crowned royal cypher of Philip III, formed by an interlaced 'P' and 'S' monogram surmounted by a royal crown, all within a dotted beaded border. The assayer's initial appears in the field flanking the monogram. A partial legend reading PHILIPPVS III D G runs along the outer rim, partially visible due to the irregular flan typical of cob coinage.
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Reverse description Quartered coat of arms of the Spanish Crown divided by a bold cross of Jerusalem, with the quarters displaying the castles of Castile and the lions of León in alternating arrangement. A partial circular legend surrounds the shield along the rim, though much of it is lost to the irregular flan edges characteristic of macuquina cob coinage. The cross extends to the coin's edge, creating four clearly defined quadrants.
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Additional information

Philip III inherited the Potosí mint at its most productive and most corrupt moment. The assayer fraud scandal that would later explode under Philip IV had its roots in this reign — substandard silver was being passed into cobs systematically, with complicit assayers initialing pieces that failed purity requirements. Small denominations like this half real were the least scrutinized and therefore the most likely vehicles for debased metal entering circulation across the Viceroyalty of Peru.

The KM#6.2 designation separates this type from the transitional issues of the Philip II period by assayer mark.

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