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1 Bazaruco - João III Goa mint

Issuer Portuguese India
Year 1538-1557
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Value 1 Bazaruco=2 Reais (1⁄180)
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Reverse description Within a plain inner circle, the Cross of Saint George is depicted in the center of the field, formed by a bold plain cross with a single pellet positioned at each of the four corners between the arms. The cross is rendered in a flat, stylized manner typical of hammered Portuguese colonial copper coinage. This design served as a standard reverse type for bazaruco coinage struck at the Goa mint during the reign of João III.
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Edge Plain
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Additional information

João III's Goa mint produced the bazaruco as the workhorse coin of Portuguese India's local economy, but the series is complicated by wildly inconsistent striking conditions — native copper sources varied in purity, blanks were often poorly prepared, and the screw press had not yet reached Goa. Most survivors show significant die misalignment or off-center strikes, which is a production norm rather than an exception for this type.

The nineteen-year date range reflects continuous restriking under the same authorization rather than annual emissions with distinct dies.

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