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1 Daalder "Leeuwendaalder" De Paule Countermark
| Issuer | Order of Malta (Knights Hospitaller) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1623-1636 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Thaler (Daalder) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | A fully armoured knight stands facing to the right in three-quarter view, wearing a plumed morion helmet and a cuirass with tassets, holding a sword upright in the right hand and grasping a shield decorated with a rampant lion in the left. A flowing ribbon or sash is draped across the figure. The peripheral legend is struck within a beaded border and reads MO · ARG · PRO · CON FOE · BELG · WESTF, identifying this as a silver coin struck for the confederated Belgian provinces of Westphalia. The overall style is characteristic of Dutch Republic hammered silver coinage of the early seventeenth century. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A rampant lion to the left, set within a beaded inner circle, with the date appearing at the top of the field. The peripheral Latin legend CONFIDENS · DNO · NON · MOVETVR encircles the design. Applied as a countermark, the peacock symbol of Grand Master Antoine de Paule (r. 1623–1636) is struck into the field, typically visible between the lion's legs or on the lion's chest, serving as the Maltese validation mark. A test cut, used to verify silver content, is also present on the coin's surface, consistent with Maltese assay practice of the period. |
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| Additional information |
The Order of Malta held papal authority to strike its own coinage but faced chronic shortages of acceptable silver for large-denomination issues during the 1620s and 1630s. The solution was practical and widely practiced in Mediterranean trade: countermarking Dutch leeuwendaalders already in heavy circulation across the Levant. The lion dollar was the dominant commercial coin of the eastern Mediterranean at this period, trusted by Ottoman merchants and Maltese traders alike.
De Paule's countermark — applied under Grand Master Antoine de Paule — gave the coin official Hospitaller authorization without the expense of a full recoinage. The host coin remained Dutch; only the sanction changed.