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1 Mun Ho

Issuer Korea
Year 1625-1633
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Currency Kingdom of Joseon - Cast (1392-1633)
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Obverse description Central square hole flanked by four Chinese characters arranged in cruciform fashion within the coin field. Reading clockwise from the top, the inscription reads 朝鮮通寶 (Joseon Tongbo), meaning 'currency of Joseon,' rendered in regular script (kaishu). The characters 朝 (top) and 鮮 (bottom) form the vertical axis, while 通 (right) and 寶 (left) form the horizontal axis around the central perforation. The legends are cast in low relief against a plain, unadorned field typical of Joseon-period cash coinage.
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Mintage ND (1625-1633)
Additional information

Cast rather than struck, the 1 Mun was produced under the Joseon dynasty's early attempts to establish a functioning coin economy — an uphill effort in a society where grain and linen cloth had served as the dominant exchange media for centuries. Popular resistance to metal coinage was stubborn enough that multiple government campaigns were required to force adoption, with limited success.

KM#3 represents the Injo-era issue, cast at government furnaces following the fiscal disruptions of the Japanese invasions of the 1590s and the Manchu incursion of 1627.

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