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1 Quadrans
| Issuer | Umbrian uncertain city |
|---|---|
| Year | 225 BC - 213 BC |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Aes grave cast bronze piece of oval flan, displaying a stylized branch or plant form in relief at center — rendered as a vertical shaft with lateral projections suggestive of a tree or thyrsus — accompanied by three pellets arranged vertically in the lower field, denoting the quadrans value mark. The surface retains a heavily granular, porous texture characteristic of archaic central Italian casting technique. No legend or inscription is present, consistent with pre-Roman Umbrian monetary tradition. |
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| Mintage | ND (225 BC - 213 BC) |
| Additional information |
The quadrans series attributed to uncertain Umbrian mints falls within the window of the Second Punic War's opening phase, when Rome's Italian allies were under sustained pressure to maintain loyalty and continue supplying both troops and bronze coinage to the war effort. Umbrian communities occupied an awkward political position — nominally allied to Rome but geographically exposed to Hannibal's line of march after Trasimene in 217 BC. Whether this piece predates that crisis or was struck during it remains unresolved in the scholarship.
The attribution itself is a standing argument. Haeberlin and subsequent cataloguers have grouped several heavy aes grave series under "Umbrian uncertain" largely by process of elimination and hoard distribution, not by direct epigraphic evidence.