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30 Centesimae Incuse series: ray
| Issuer | Populonia |
|---|---|
| Year | 211 BC - 201 BC |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 30 Centesimae = 3⁄10 As (0.30) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Facing right, a laureate and draped bust of a male deity — likely Apollo or a youthful hero — rendered in archaic Etruscan style with flowing, striated hair falling in waves to the shoulder. The portrait is executed in bold relief with strong facial features characteristic of Populonian bronze coinage. The legend 'XXX' appears in the field, denoting the denomination of 30 centesimae. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, consistent with hammered cast bronze coinage of this series. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Mintage | ND (211 BC - 201 BC) |
| Additional information |
Populonia, the only Etruscan city-state known to have minted its own coinage directly from locally smelted ore, produced this bronze issue during a decade defined by the catastrophic pressures of the Second Punic War. Hannibal's campaigns through central Italy disrupted regional economies profoundly enough that many Etruscan communities abandoned independent monetary production entirely. Populonia did not.
The incuse technique on this series — where the design is impressed into the flan rather than raised — reflects an archaic Etruscan minting tradition that Populonia retained long after it had been abandoned elsewhere in Italy.