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40 Baiocchi
| Issuer | Banco di Santo Spirito |
|---|---|
| Year | 1798 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | P#S522 |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | REPUBLICA ROMANA COMMERCIO UTILE Liberta Eguaglianza Bᵒ QUARANTA BANCO DI S. SPIRITO Resto di Da pagarsi al Renditore depoli Val. Secondo Cassiere di detto Banco |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
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| Protection description | Two oval embossed dry-stamp seals applied to the reverse, one at upper left and one at upper right, serving as official authentication marks. |
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| Comments |
The Banco di Santo Spirito, founded in Rome in 1605, is among the oldest chartered banks in the world. By 1798 it was operating under acute pressure: French forces had entered Rome in February of that year, declared the Roman Republic, and effectively stripped the papacy of temporal authority. Notes issued during this window exist in a peculiar administrative limbo — still bearing the bank's traditional ecclesiastical identity while the political ground beneath it had collapsed entirely.
The dry stamp seal was the bank's primary authentication device across the series. It leaves no ink trace, making condition assessment of that feature dependent entirely on oblique light.