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5 Pesos
| Issuer | Mindanao Emergency Currency Board |
|---|---|
| Year | 1943-1945 |
| Type | Emergency banknote |
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| Obverse description | The face is framed by a bold typographic border with foliate corner ornaments and numeral '5' cartouches at each corner, all printed in black letterpress. At left-center, a circular red seal of the Commonwealth of the Philippines bearing an eagle and shield is the dominant design element, accompanied by three red manuscript signatures of the Board Chairman and two Members below the central text block. The denomination 'FIVE PESOS' and the issuing authority 'MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD' are set in large display type at center, with the series designation 'CC' and serial number in red at upper right. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | FIVE PESOS TREASURY EMERGENCY CURRENCY CERTIFICATE BY AUTHORITY OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES SERIES 1943 THIS CERTIFIES THAT THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES WILL REDEEM THIS CERTIFICATE AT FACE VALUE UPON TERMINATION OF EMERGENCY FIVE PESOS MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD |
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| Comments |
The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several provincial bodies authorized by the Philippine government-in-exile framework to issue guerrilla currency during the Japanese occupation. These notes circulated in direct competition with Japanese Military Pesos, which the local population largely distrusted and, where possible, refused. Acceptance of guerrilla notes was itself an act of resistance — possession could bring severe consequences under occupation authorities.
Mindanao's geography, with its mountainous interior and dispersed population, made central supply lines difficult for Japanese forces to fully control, which is precisely why guerrilla currency survived longer there than in Luzon.