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Denier cross

Issuer County of Besalú
Year 1066-1111
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Shape Round (irregular)
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Reverse description Reverse displaying a bold pattée or long cross dividing the field into four quadrants, a hallmark type of Carolingian-derived feudal deniers from Catalonia. Letters and abbreviations are distributed within the quadrants formed by the cross arms, rendered in crude but legible Romanesque capitals. The cross extends nearly to the rim of the irregular flan, emphasizing its devotional and heraldic significance. The surrounding Latin legend, partially legible due to the irregular flan, references the Holy Cross and Count Bernard. The hammered technique imparts a characteristic unevenness to the relief, typical of provincial Catalan minting practice of the period.
Reverse script Latin
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Edge Plain (irregular)
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