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Denier - Ladislaus I Herman Kraków mint

Issuer Kingdom of Poland
Year 1081-1102
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Diameter 13 mm
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Obverse lettering VLADISLAVS
(Translation: Władysław)
Reverse description A stylized Romanesque church or cathedral with three towers, the central tower taller than the flanking ones, each tower surmounted by a cross or orb finial, all depicted within a raised inner circle or beaded border. The architectural rendering is schematic and characteristic of early medieval Polish ecclesiastical coinage, likely referencing the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. The surrounding legend CRACOV appears in Latin characters distributed around the inner circle in the field. The overall composition reflects the typical reverse iconography of Piast deniers associating ducal authority with the capital city and its ecclesiastical establishment.
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Additional information

Ladislaus I Herman ruled as duke rather than king — Poland had lost its royal crown in 1079 when his brother Bolesław II was forced into exile following the murder of Bishop Stanisław of Szczepanów, a killing that triggered such ecclesiastical and noble backlash that the royal title itself was abandoned for over two centuries. These deniers were struck under that shadow, issued by a court acutely conscious of its diminished standing. The Kraków mint's output under Herman is catalogued across at least five Kopicki varieties, reflecting meaningful die diversity across his two-decade rule.

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