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Dirham - Abd al-Malik Ramhurmuz
| Issuer | Umayyad Caliphate |
|---|---|
| Year | 698 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | The obverse presents an entirely epigraphic design in the reformed Umayyad style introduced under Caliph Abd al-Malik. The central field carries the Islamic profession of faith (Shahada) in three lines of bold Kufic script: 'There is no god but God alone, He has no partner.' A circular marginal legend surrounds the central inscription, separated by a plain inner border and an outer dentilated rim, recording the mint name Ramhurmuz and the date of striking in the year seventy-nine (AH 79). The coin bears no figural imagery, reflecting the strictly aniconic monetary reform of 77 AH, and the overall execution is characteristic of early post-reform Umayyad silver coinage with robust, angular Kufic letterforms. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic (Kufic) |
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| Reverse description | The reverse is fully epigraphic, displaying Quranic verses in four lines of bold Kufic script across the central field, comprising Surah Al-Ikhlas (112:1–4): 'God is One, God is Eternal, He neither begets nor was begotten, and there is none comparable to Him.' A circular marginal legend, separated from the central field by a plain inner border and an outer dentilated rim, carries the Quranic verse from Surah At-Tawbah (9:33) affirming the prophethood of Muhammad and the supremacy of the true religion. Small pellet or annulet stops punctuate the marginal legend at intervals. The die workmanship is consistent with the standardised post-reform Umayyad dirham type, with no figural elements. |
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