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Dirham - anonymous Bilar mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1260-1293 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Dirham / Dang / Yarmag (0.7) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
| Reverse lettering | ضرب بلار |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
The anonymous dirhams of the early Golden Horde present one of the more vexing attribution problems in medieval Islamic numismatics — no ruler's name, no date, no mint formula beyond the bare toponym. The Bilar mint, operating in the ancient Bulgar city on the Kama River, was among the first struck under Mongol authority after Batu's campaigns swept through Volga Bulgaria in 1236, effectively ending the Volga Bulgar state. Production under anonymity likely reflects the transitional administrative chaos of the conquest generation, before the Jochid khans established regularized minting protocols under Möngke Temür after 1267.