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Dirham - Mangu Timur Bulghar mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1266-1280 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1227-1502) |
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| Obverse description | Central field features the dynastic tamga of Möngke Temür enclosed within a small beaded inner circle, the tripartite symbol rendered in bold relief characteristic of early Golden Horde coinage. Surrounding the central device is a crude Arabic inscription in the field, arranged in a circular legend identifying the khan. The overall design is executed in the rough, high-relief hammered style typical of mid-13th century Jochid silver issues, with irregular flan edges reflecting hand-cut planchet production. |
|---|---|
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| Mintage | ND (1266-1280) |
| Additional information |
Mangu Timur was the first Golden Horde khan to strike coins in his own name, breaking from the Mongol practice of issuing currency under the authority of the Great Khan in Karakorum. This ideological shift — asserting fiscal and political independence from the Mongol center — followed Kublai Khan's rise and the effective fracturing of the unified empire. The Bulghar mint, operating on the Volga, had been a commercial hub long before the Mongols arrived and continued striking through successive Horde administrations.
Sagdeeva's classification distinguishes several die groupings within this type.