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Drachm - Abd Al-Malik ibn Marwan
| Issuer | Umayyad Caliphate |
|---|---|
| Year | 75 (694) |
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| Composition | Silver |
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| Obverse description | Stylized bust of the Sasanian king Khusraw II facing right, rendered in the late Sasanian tradition with characteristic crown and drapery. To the right of the bust, the Arabic Kufic legend 'duriba fi sanat' (struck in the year) appears in the field, with 'khams wa sab'in' (seventy-five) continuing the date reference. The outer marginal legend reads the Shahada in Kufic script: 'bismillah — la ilaha illa Allah wahdahu Muhammad rasul Allah' (In the name of God — there is no god but God alone, Muhammad is the Messenger of God). This transitional issue retains Sasanian iconographic conventions while introducing the Islamic religious formula in place of earlier Pahlavi marginal inscriptions. |
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| Reverse description | A standing frontal figure of the caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan depicted in full-length, wearing an elaborate ceremonial robe with his right hand resting on the hilt of a sheathed sword at his side. This image draws upon the standing caliph type introduced during Abd al-Malik's coinage reforms, reflecting both Sasanian and Byzantine iconographic influences adapted to early Islamic visual language. To the left of the figure, the Kufic legend reads 'amir al-mu'minin' (Commander of the Faithful), and to the right, 'khalifat Allah' (Deputy of God). The composition is executed with characteristic Umayyad transitional-period die workmanship, combining figural representation with authoritative religious titulature in the field. |
| Reverse script | Arabic (Kufic) |
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