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Fractional dirham - temp. Mangu Timur Bulghar mint

Issuer Golden Horde
Year 1280-1310
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Value 1/2 Dirham (7⁄20)
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Reverse lettering بلغار
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Mint Bulghar Mint
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Additional information

Mangu Timur, who ruled the Golden Horde from 1267 to 1280, was the first khan of that polity to strike coins in his own name rather than continuing the fiction of Mongol imperial unity by issuing in the name of the Great Khan. The Bulghar mint on the upper Volga was among the most active in the western steppe monetary system, feeding silver into trade networks that stretched from the Baltic amber routes down through the fur markets of the north.

The fractional weight suggests use in small-denomination exchange rather than bulk silver accounting. The date range extending past Mangu Timur's death reflects continued posthumous or stylistically conservative striking under his successors.

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