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Jital - Muhammad II Horseman with sword, 3 dots
| Issuer | Khwarazmian Empire (Khwarazmian dynasties) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200-1220 |
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| Value | 1 Jital (1⁄50) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse field bears a three-line Arabic inscription arranged horizontally across the die, proclaiming the royal titles and name of the issuing sultan. The legend reads 'As-sultan / Al-a'zam Muhammad / Bin sultan', identifying Sultan Muhammad II of the Khwarazmian Empire with his honorific 'the Greatest Sultan'. The script is in a compressed, somewhat schematic Naskh hand typical of small hammered billon denominations of the eastern Islamic world. The entire inscription is contained within a beaded border matching the obverse, with the flan showing the characteristic irregular outline of hand-struck coinage. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Muhammad II ruled the Khwarazmian Empire at its greatest territorial extent, having absorbed much of Central Asia and the eastern Islamic world in a rapid campaign of conquest — only to invite catastrophic destruction by ordering the massacre of a Mongol trade caravan at Otrar around 1218, an act that drew Genghis Khan's full military attention westward. The empire collapsed with remarkable speed, and Muhammad II died a fugitive on an island in the Caspian Sea in 1220.
Jitals of this type circulated across an enormous trade zone, from the Indus frontier into Transoxiana. The billon fabric varies noticeably across the series, with silver content fluctuating in ways consistent with wartime fiscal pressure.