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Pfennig - Bernard II Carniola and borderland coinage
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Bernard II of Spanheim ruled Carinthia from 1202 to 1256, and the attribution of this issue to his reign places it at the beginning of a period when the Alpine duchies were asserting increasingly independent mint policies against Hohenstaufen imperial pressure. The designation "borderland coinage" reflects the contested geographic and political reality of the march territories between Carinthia and Carniola — regions that changed administrative hands repeatedly through the 12th and 13th centuries.
CNA Cr18 sits within a closely related group of Spanheim pfennigs distinguished by subtle die characteristics that remain incompletely catalogued.