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Pfennig - Berthold IV Stein in Oberkrain
| Issuer | March of Istria-Carniola (Austrian States) |
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| Year | 1183-1200 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Frontal half-length effigy of a clergyman rendered in medieval style, depicted facing the viewer with a pastoral crook held upright in the right hand and a book clasped in the left. The figure exhibits the stylized, flat relief characteristic of late 12th-century Styrian and Carniolan bracteate-influenced coinage. A partial legend surrounds the effigy in the field, partially legible and associated with the toponym Stein. |
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| Reverse description | Depiction of a Romanesque church facade with two flanking towers and a central gable surmounted by a cross, rendered in the schematic architectural style typical of late 12th-century Austrian regional coinage. The eave gutters at the base of each tower curve dramatically upward at their extremities, terminating in pointed horn-like projections, a distinctive decorative feature. The composition is contained within the round, irregularly struck flan produced by the hammering technique of the period. |
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| Additional information |
Berthold IV of Andechs held the March of Istria-Carniola during a period of sustained Andechs dynastic expansion across the eastern Alpine and Adriatic regions. His minting activity at Stein — known today as Kamnik in Slovenia — reflects the broader decentralization of coinage rights in the Holy Roman Empire under Friedrich Barbarossa and his successors, when regional lords increasingly exercised monetary privileges as practical instruments of territorial control. The Stein mint was among the more active in the region during this window.