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Pfennig - Eberhard I Graz
| Issuer | Duchy of Styria (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1147-1164 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Facing stylized bust of the ruler rendered in primitive Romanesque style, depicted with a schematic face consisting of pellets for eyes and a rounded nose, surmounted by a domed crown or helmet with a prominent central finial. Flanking the bust on either side are abbreviated letters or symbols, likely initial letters associated with the issuer or mint. The overall composition is set within a plain, irregularly shaped flan typical of 12th-century hammered coinage, with pellet decorations arranged vertically below the bust in the lower field. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Architectural facade depicted in a highly schematic Romanesque manner, representing a multi-towered structure — most likely a stylized church or castle — with three prominent cross-topped towers rising above a crenellated or arcaded base. The central tower is the tallest and is flanked by two slightly shorter towers, each surmounted by a cross. A small circle or pellet is visible at the center of the architectural composition, possibly representing a doorway or window. The entire design is executed in low relief on an irregular hammered flan, consistent with mid-12th-century Austrian bracteate-influenced pfennig coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Eberhard I ruled Styria during a period when the region was transitioning from a march to a fully recognized duchy — a shift completed under his successor in 1180. His coinage reflects the rudimentary striking infrastructure of mid-twelfth century Alpine mints, where Graz functioned as an administrative center well before it became the established ducal capital. These bracteate-influenced pfennigs circulated in a region whose trade networks ran along the Mur valley and connected to broader exchange routes linking Bavaria with the Adriatic hinterland.
CNA Ca3 is among the earliest attributable issues to the Styrian sequence, making firm die attribution difficult given the small surviving corpus.