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Pfennig - Ulrich II Carniola and borderland coinage
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1181-1202 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Full-length figure of the duke standing facing, turned slightly to the right, holding an upright sword in his right hand and a banner-topped lance in his left; the effigy is rendered in a flat, linear Romanesque style typical of late 12th-century Austrian bracteate-influenced coinage. The figure is depicted within an irregular hammered flan with no surrounding legend or inscription. |
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| Reverse description | A stylised architectural composition depicting a crenellated curtain wall with two flanking towers, each surmounted by battlements; two six-pointed stars appear between and above the towers within the wall field. The design is rendered in a bold, schematic Romanesque manner characteristic of Carinthian and Slovenian march coinage of the late 12th century, with no surrounding legend. The wall base is shown with a decorative arcaded or banded lower section. |
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| Additional information |
Ulrich II ruled Carinthia during a period of intense jurisdictional friction between the Babenberg dukes of Austria and the Spanheim dynasty, to which Ulrich belonged. His frächenbrakteaten-style issues from this period reflect the broader monetary fragmentation of the eastern Alpine duchies, where minting rights were exercised locally and jealously guarded. The borderland designation in the type's name is not decorative — it signals coinage circulating across a contested frontier zone between Carinthia, Carniola, and Styria.
CNA Cr12 is among the thinner-documented Spanheim issues, and surviving examples are rarely provenanced beyond general Alpine finds.