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Pul - Muhammad Uzbeg Qrim mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1320 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Pul (1⁄16) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears a three-line Arabic inscription in Naskh script reading 'al-Sultan / al-Adil / Muhammad Uzbeg' (the Just Sultan Muhammad Uzbeg), denoting the ruling Khan's titulature. The legend is boldly struck in relief on an irregularly shaped flan typical of hammered copper coinage of the Golden Horde. The field is unadorned, with no border ornament, reflecting the utilitarian character of low-denomination pul coinage. Letter strokes are broad and deeply impressed, though some peripheral areas show weakness consistent with hand-struck production. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Three-line Arabic inscription in the central field reads 'Duriba / Qrim / Sana 720' (Struck at Qrim, year 720 AH), providing the mint name and Hijri date corresponding to 1320 CE. The legend is arranged horizontally across the flan in a straightforward administrative style characteristic of Golden Horde pul coinage. The strike is moderately sharp at centre, with the date numerals visible though subject to some variation across die varieties. The plain, unbordered field and irregular flan outline are consistent with the hammered technique employed at the Qrim mint. |
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| Additional information |
Muhammad Uzbeg Khan's long reign (1313–1341) marked the Golden Horde's formal adoption of Islam as state religion — a policy decision that rippled directly into coinage, with mint output expanding sharply across Crimean centers like Qrim as the administration sought to project confessional legitimacy through currency. This pul is a product of that moment.
Crimea was among the Horde's most commercially active regions, its markets drawing Genoese merchants from the nearby colony at Caffa. Small copper fractions like this circulated in those local bazaars; the silver tenge served long-distance trade.