0.50 Peseta Estopiñán

Municipal emergency notes of this kind proliferated across Aragón and Catalonia during the early months of the Spanish Civil War, when the Republican government's failure to distribute small-denomination coinage left local economies effectively paralyzed. Estopiñán — a small town in the Ribagorza district of Huesca province — issued fractional paper alongside dozens of similarly sized municipalities, most of which had no printing infrastructure whatsoever.

The official stamp substituting for formal security printing is characteristic of the type: authority authenticated through bureaucratic impression rather than engraving. Many of these notes were redeemed locally and destroyed; survivors tend to come from outside circulation entirely.