0.50 Pesetas Espluga Calva

L'Espluga Calba is a small municipality in the Garrigues comarca of Lleida, Catalonia. This 0.50 pesetas note is one of thousands of emergency fractional issues produced by Spanish municipalities during the Civil War years of 1936–1939, when Republican-zone authorities hoarded metallic coinage and small change effectively vanished from circulation. Town councils, cooperatives, and even individual businesses filled the void with locally printed paper.

Turró catalogues this under #948, placing it within a well-documented but vast body of Catalan municipal issues. The official stamp — the primary security feature — was applied to deter counterfeiting at the hyperlocal level, though for a village of this size, the real guarantee was simply community recognition.