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1/2 Dirham 'Al-mulk type'- anonymous Bulghar mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1280-1310 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1/2 Dirham (7⁄20) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (1280-1310) |
| Additional information |
The anonymous "al-mulk" fractional issues of the Golden Horde present a persistent attribution problem — no ruler's name appears, making precise dating within this thirty-year window largely a matter of die style and hoard association rather than documentary evidence. The Bulghar mint on the Volga was among the earliest and most productive in the Horde's monetary system, predating the later explosion of output from Sarai and New Sarai.
At 0.63g, these halves circulated in a regional economy still integrating steppe pastoral networks with the Volga trade corridor connecting the Baltic fur trade to the Islamic south.