1 As

Aes grave production in central Italy during the third century BC was not a unified monetary program but a fragmented response to Roman expansion — individual cities striking heavy cast bronze on their own authority before absorption into the Roman orbit made local issues redundant. At 484 grams, this piece sits at the upper end of surviving as grave weights, suggesting it predates the chronic weight reductions that accelerated after the First Punic War began draining Roman allied resources after 264 BC.

The attribution to an uncertain central Italian city reflects ongoing scholarly disagreement rather than absence of evidence — Haeberlin's foundational 1910 corpus organized these pieces metrologically, but die and fabric analysis has never conclusively resolved the issuing authority for this group.