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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
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| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | Irregular square flan with four punch-marked symbols distributed across the field, applied in the typical Mauryan fashion of secondary banker's or royal counter-marks. The devices include a clearly defined sun symbol with a central orb and concentric elements, a bull's head or similar animal device within a circular punch, and additional smaller geometric punch marks in the corners of the flan. The incuse impressions are bold and well-struck, consistent with official Mauryan imperial punch-marked coinage. |
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| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | ND (322 BC - 185 BC) |
| 附加信息 |
The karshapana predates the Mauryan dynasty itself — these punch-marked pieces were already circulating across the Gangetic plain before Chandragupta seized Magadha around 322 BC. What the Mauryans did was systematize production, imposing state control over what had been a fragmented regional coinage. Kautilya's Arthashastra, the administrative treatise attributed to Chandragupta's minister Chanakya, devotes specific passages to the regulation of silver purity and the duties of the mint superintendent — one of the earliest bureaucratic treatments of monetary policy anywhere in the ancient world.