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1 Mun

Issuer Kingdom of Joseon
Year 1423-1425
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse lettering  朝 寶 通  鮮
(Translation: Joseon currency)
Reverse description Plain reverse with a central square perforation, exhibiting no inscriptions, symbols, or decorative elements. The field is flat and featureless, bounded by a raised inner rim around the square hole and a plain outer rim at the coin's edge. The surface shows a mottled dark brown and verdigris patina characteristic of cast bronze coins of the early Joseon dynasty.
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Additional information

The 1 Mun was issued under King Sejong's early reign as part of a renewed push to establish copper coinage as viable everyday currency — an effort that had repeatedly failed under previous Joseon kings, whose subjects stubbornly preferred grain and linen cloth for transactions. This issue fared no better; official copper circulation collapsed again within a few years, and the coins were largely abandoned by the public.

Hartill 25.73 identifies this type by its specific foundry markings, as Joseon cash coins of this period were cast at multiple government foundries with distinguishing reverse characters.

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