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1 Đồng
| Issuer | Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1946 |
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| Shape | Rectangular |
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| Obverse description | Central vignette of Ho Chi Minh in circular guilloche frame, set against a plain background. To the left, two manuscript signature blocks read 'ĐẠI DIỆN CHÍNH PHỦ TRUNG ƯƠNG' and 'ĐẠI DIỆN U.B.H.C. TRUNG BỘ' respectively, each accompanied by a handwritten signature. The denomination 'TÍN PHIẾU MỘT ĐỒNG' is inscribed to the upper left, with the numeral '1' appearing at lower corners, and the issuer inscription 'VIỆT NAM DÂN CHỦ CỘNG HÒA' running along the bottom margin within a decorative border. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central vignette of a peasant farmer plowing a rice field with a water buffalo, rendered in a simple intaglio-style print. To the left, the denomination is given as 'MỘT ĐỒNG' in Vietnamese above the Chinese characters '壹元'. At right, a large numeral '1' is set within a circular rosette underprint. A serial number appears below the vignette, and Chinese characters form the issuer inscription along the top margin within a decorative foliate border. |
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| Comments |
P#45 is among the earliest banknotes issued by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam following Ho Chi Minh's declaration of independence in September 1945. The new government had no functioning central bank and no established printing infrastructure — these first issues were produced under genuinely improvised conditions, with limited ink consistency and uneven paper stock that varies noticeably across surviving examples.
The French still controlled much of the country's financial apparatus at the time of issue, making the circulation of this note as much a political act as an economic one. Many were quickly withdrawn or destroyed during the subsequent Franco-Viet Minh conflict, and attrition has been severe.