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1 Peso
| Issuer | Oriental Misamis Agency of the Philippine National Bank |
|---|---|
| Year | 1941-1942 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Peso |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Printed entirely in black on plain paper stock, the obverse carries the issuing authority text of the Oriental Misamis Agency of the Philippine National Bank across the upper register, with the denomination ONE PESO in large bold letterpress at center. A decorative border of repeating geometric units frames the note, and the denomination numeral "1" appears in corner cartouches at all four corners; three manuscript signatures of the Oriental Misamis Chamber of Commerce officials appear below the central text, with their names and titles printed beneath. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | The reverse is printed in black on plain paper with a repetitive geometric border matching the obverse frame. The denomination ONE PESO is stated twice in large letterpress text, once in the upper field and once in the lower field, with a reference to the Emergency Circulating Note series appearing in the right-center area. |
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| Comments |
The Philippine National Bank authorized several provincial agencies to issue emergency guerrilla currency after the Japanese invasion in late 1941. The Oriental Misamis Agency operated in Mindanao, where the PNB's Manila infrastructure had effectively ceased to function. These agency notes were a practical response to the collapse of normal banking channels — not a formal monetary policy decision from Manila, but a regional improvisation under occupation conditions.
Three signatories on a 1 Peso note is unusual and points to the committee-based governance structure these agencies adopted, likely to distribute accountability and prevent unilateral abuse of the currency-issuing function. Lias as Chairman alongside two named members suggests a supervisory board arrangement rather than standard bank officer signing.
Survival rates for Mindanao emergency issues vary sharply by agency; Oriental Misamis examples turn up less frequently than those from better-documented Visayan agencies.