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1 Pfennig J. Berner
| Issuer | J. Berner, Fürth (Bavaria) |
|---|---|
| Year | |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Mark (1914-1924) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Plain buff paper with a single circular violet rubber-stamp impression centrally placed. The stamp reads 'GUTSCHEIN' along the upper arc and 'J. BERNER' along the lower arc, enclosing the large numeral '1' alongside the Pfennig symbol (ℓ), with small star ornaments flanking the central value. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Fürth in Bayern |
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| Comments |
Fürth was one of the most active centers of Kleingeldersatz — emergency small-change scrip — during the First World War period, when coin shortages forced thousands of German municipal and private issuers to produce their own fractional notes. J. Berner was a local commercial issuer, almost certainly a retailer or innkeeper redeeming the note against purchases rather than a formal financial institution. Private merchant scrip of this type circulated hyperlocally, often just within a single shop's customer base, which is precisely why so little of it survived.