1 Quadrans

Heavy cast bronze of this weight class belongs to the aes grave tradition, produced by cities whose identities remain genuinely disputed among scholars — the attribution "uncertain Central Italy" is not a cataloging shortcut but reflects a real gap in the epigraphic and archaeological record. The third century BC saw numerous communities issuing cast bronze on the Roman libral standard before Rome's military consolidation rendered local monetary production obsolete. Haeberlin's foundational 1910 study remains the primary typological anchor for pieces like this, and his page 163 attribution has not been meaningfully revised since.