1 Uncia Wheel / Amphora

Etruscan bronze coinage of this period remains poorly understood in terms of specific issuing authority — no mint has been definitively assigned, and attribution continues to shift across scholarship. What is clear is that these small cast bronzes circulated in a region under mounting Roman pressure during the First Punic War years, when Roman monetary infrastructure was itself still coalescing around the aes grave system. The uncia fraction, representing one-twelfth of the as, was the smallest practical denomination in that weight standard.

Haeberlin's foundational typology, compiled from hoard and collection data in the early twentieth century, remains the primary reference framework despite its age.