1 Văn - Thiệu Phong Bình Bảo, running script, private issue?

Thiệu Phong was the reign title of Trần Dụ Tông, whose sixteen-year rule was marked by administrative drift and a court increasingly preoccupied with pleasure rather than governance — Vietnamese chronicles are unusually candid about this. The "private issue" attribution reflects ongoing scholarly uncertainty about whether certain cash coins of this period were sanctioned by the imperial board of revenue or produced by private foundries filling a circulation gap, a phenomenon documented across several Trần dynasty reigns. Toda's mid-Meiji cataloguing of Vietnamese cash remains the foundational reference, though his attributions for unofficial types have been disputed and revised repeatedly since.