1000 Bolívares

Venezuela's Casa de la Moneda in Maracay had taken over production of the high-denomination series by the late 1980s, bringing printing in-house after years of reliance on foreign contractors — a shift that coincided with the country's deepening currency pressures. By 1998, the 1000 Bolívares was no longer a large denomination in any practical sense. Inflation had been grinding through Venezuelan purchasing power for over a decade, and notes of this face value were already being displaced in everyday commerce by the 2000 and 5000 Bolívares issues.

A watermark alone as the primary security feature reflects how quickly the economic situation was outpacing the infrastructure needed to fight counterfeiting at the upper end of the circulating range.