1000 Francs

The Banque de Madagascar et des Comores was itself a transitional institution — created in 1950 to replace the Banque de Madagascar, it issued currency for a colonial territory that was actively becoming independent. Madagascar achieved full independence in June 1960, yet notes under this issuer continued circulating into 1963, a lag that reflects how slowly monetary infrastructure follows political change in post-colonial transitions.

Georges Léon Égalité Beltrand came from a distinguished French engraving dynasty; his work for the Banque de France was characteristically fine-line intaglio. The three signature combinations reflect successive administrative appointments rather than distinct emission dates, making precise dating of individual examples difficult without supporting documentation.