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20 Cents Foreign Exchange Certificate

发行方 Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A.
年份 1969
类型 登录 以查看详情
面值 20 Cents (20 Centów) (0.20)
货币 登录 以查看详情
材质 登录 以查看详情
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印刷机构 登录 以查看详情
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正面描述 Green note with fine guilloche border and light green underprint throughout. Central oval guilloche vignette carries the denomination $0,20$ in orange letterpress; the large "P" monogram of Bank Polska Kasa Opieki appears above. Bilingual text panels flank the vignette, with the Polish denomination DWADZIEŚCIA CENTÓW in red across the lower register and the issuing bank name and date along the bottom margin.
正面铭文 登录 以查看详情
背面描述 登录 以查看详情
背面铭文 $0,20$
BONY TOWAROWE BANKU POLSKA KASA OPIEKI S.A NIE PODLEGAJĄ
UMORZENIU I W ZAMIAN BONÓW UTRACONYCH NIE WYDAJE SIĘ
DOKUMENTÓW ZASTĘPCZYCH
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Bank Polska Kasa Opieki — PKO — issued these Foreign Exchange Certificates as a mechanism to capture hard currency inside Poland's closed economy. Foreigners and Poles receiving remittances from abroad were effectively required to exchange dollars, marks, or other Western currencies for these certificates, which could then be spent only at Pewex stores — the state-run hard currency shops that stocked goods unavailable through normal socialist retail channels.

The system was nakedly extractive: it kept real currency out of private hands while giving the state access to Western funds it desperately needed. The 1969 series was printed domestically by PWPW in Warsaw, unusual for satellite-state hard currency instruments of the period, which were often contracted abroad.

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