目录
查看完整图片 — 免费注册
使用Google继续 — 免费
或用邮箱注册
为什么需要注册？只是为了防止机器人访问我们的目录。您的邮箱完全保密——我们绝不会分享或在未经您许可的情况下发送任何内容。我们向您保证！
| 正面描述 | The obverse is printed in red-brown ink on plain paper and framed by an ornate foliate border with corner rosettes. The Ottoman tughra appears at the top center, below which large Ottoman-script numerals and multi-line Arabic calligraphic text state the denomination and the authority of the Ottoman state. A rectangular registration stamp with serial number is affixed in the lower portion of the note. |
|---|---|
| 正面铭文 | ٢٠ اوراق نقدية دولت عليه دن يالكزيكمي غروشاق |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 签名 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 防伪类型 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 防伪描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 变体 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 备注 |
The Banque Impériale Ottomane issued this note during one of the Ottoman Empire's most acute fiscal crises — the years surrounding the 1876 state bankruptcy declaration, the first sovereign default in Ottoman history. The empire had been hemorrhaging money financing the 1875 Balkan uprisings and servicing European bond debt, and paper money of small denominations like this 20 Kuruş was pushed into circulation to cover basic government expenditures when coin was effectively unavailable.
Printed in Constantinople rather than abroad, these notes lack the engraving quality of earlier BIO issues produced by European security printers. The war with Russia began in 1877, and notes from this window are frequently found in poor condition — unsurprising given the economic dislocation of that period.