3 Silver Monme private issue, Oono-gumi

Oono-gumi was a merchant consortium operating under the authority of Kaga Domain — one of the wealthiest han outside Tokugawa direct control — and issued silver-denominated scrip to facilitate trade in the domain's extensive commercial networks. By 1869, the Meiji government had already begun the process of abolishing domain currencies, making this issue a creature of a dying monetary order. Notes like this were redeemable in silver monme, the traditional weight-based unit, even as reformers in Tokyo were pushing toward a decimal yen system that would formally arrive three years later.

Private merchant-house issues from Kaga are considerably less documented than official han札 (hansatsu), and attribution to specific gumi can be difficult to verify from surviving records.