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| 正面描述 | Plain paper note with simple typeset design framed by a decorative border of repeated scroll ornaments. The central text certifies that the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines will redeem the certificate at face value upon termination of emergency, with the denomination FIVE CENTAVOS and issuer name MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD printed in bold letterpress. The chairman's signature of Florentino Saguin appears in manuscript at lower left, with printed names of officials and a serial number at lower right. |
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| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | Plain typeset reverse enclosed within a decorative scroll-pattern border matching the obverse frame. The denomination FIVE CENTAVOS appears at top and bottom, with the issuing authority and jurisdiction stated as ISSUED BY THE MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD PHILIPPINES. A redemption guarantee and anti-counterfeiting warning are printed in italic and roman letterpress across the central panel. |
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The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several guerrilla currency authorities operating in the southern Philippines during the Japanese occupation. These local boards printed their own notes to sustain the resistance economy — Japanese military pesos were rejected outright by much of the interior population, and US-backed guerrilla commanders actively encouraged the alternative issues to undermine occupation monetary control.
Three signatures on a 5 centavo denomination is unusual by any measure. The Saguin-Pacana-Barbasa combination appears consistently across the S531 series, suggesting the board operated with collective authorization rather than delegated signing authority — a practical safeguard against capture or defection disrupting the currency supply.