50 Centimes - Chambre de Commerce de Dunkerque 59

French Chambers of Commerce were authorized to issue emergency small-denomination notes during the First World War to address an acute shortage of coin — silver and copper had vanished from circulation almost overnight in August 1914. Dunkerque's chamber produced this 50 centimes note as a direct response, with Imprimerie Chaix in Paris handling the printing work. Chaix was primarily known as a poster and timetable printer, not a security press, which tells you something about how improvised this whole system was.

The JP# reference covering four catalog variants suggests multiple emission dates or serial ranges across the series lifetime.