As - Massinissa or Micipsa with punic letters

Numidia never operated a mint in the Greek or Roman sense — coinage here emerged as a political instrument during and after the Second Punic War, when Massinissa's alliance with Rome transformed his kingdom from a fractured client territory into the dominant power in North Africa. These bronzes circulated across a kingdom that stretched at its height from Mauretania to the borders of Carthaginian territory, and the Punic script reflects the administrative reality of a court that conducted much of its official business in that language despite Rome's growing influence.

The near-century span of attribution between Massinissa and his grandson Micipsa makes individual assignment nearly impossible without die study. Micipsa reigned until 118 BC, at which point the kingdom was divided among three heirs — a partition that effectively ended unified Numidian power.