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Dirham - Toqta Saray mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1292-1294 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse lettering | لا اله الا الله محمد رسول الله ٦٩١ او ٦٩٣ |
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| Additional information |
Toqta seized the Golden Horde throne in 1291 after orchestrating the murder of his predecessor Tele-Buqa, and these dirhams from his opening years reflect the administrative scramble of a new khan consolidating power. The Saray mint — the Horde's primary silver-striking facility on the lower Volga — resumed normal production almost immediately, a deliberate signal of political continuity despite the violent transition.
Sagdeeva #170 and the two Singatullina references document slight die variations within this short window, suggesting high striking volume across multiple working dies.