Fanam

The Madurai Sultanate had collapsed by 1378, and the Nayak dynasty that eventually governed the region did so under Vijayanagara suzerainty — which means attribution of specific fanam issues to a precise ruler and year requires treating the date with some caution, as reckoning systems varied and later attributions have been revised more than once in the scholarly literature. Fanams of this region circulated across a remarkably broad geography, appearing in hoards as far south as Ceylon.