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Pfennig - Henry IV Windischgrätz
| Issuer | March of Istria-Carniola (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1204-1228 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | 18 mm |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | Frontal bust of a duke or secular ruler, depicted between two towers each surmounted by flags or banners, symbolizing temporal power and dominion. The composition is framed within a double beaded circle, a decorative border device common to twelfth- and thirteenth-century Austrian bracteate-related issues. The design is executed in the bold, schematic style typical of Carinthian and Carniolan hammered pfennigs of the Hochmittelalter period. |
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| Additional information |
Henry IV of Windischgrätz held authority over Carniola during a period when the March was caught between competing pressures from the Duchy of Austria and the Patriarchate of Aquileia. Local pfennig coinage of this type — thin, bracteate-influenced silver struck in the Friesacher tradition — circulated widely across the Alpine-Adriatic trading routes connecting the Adriatic coast to the Danube basin. The Friesacher pfennig system, developed in Carinthia from the late twelfth century, had by Henry's time become the dominant monetary medium across much of the eastern Alpine region, with imitations and regional variants proliferating rapidly.
CNA Ch12 distinguishes this emission within a closely related group of issues, attribution resting primarily on die analysis rather than documentary evidence.