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| 正面描述 | Central field dominated by the Khorugvi, the Georgian royal standard, rendered as a stylized cross-banner device. Flanking the central symbol to the left and right are the royal monograms of Queen Tamar and her consort David Soslan, each surmounted by a tilde abbreviation mark. The design is executed in relief typical of Georgian hammered copper coinage of the early 13th century, with the monograms rendered in Mkhedruli-derived Georgian script characters. |
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| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | Four lines of Arabic Naskh script legend contained within a plain linear circle border, filling the central field. The inscription proclaims the royal titles and epithets of Queen Tamar in the Islamic courtly tradition, identifying her as Queen of Queens, Glory of the World and Faith, daughter of Giorgi, and Follower of the Messiah. The lettering is bold and deeply struck, consistent with Georgian copper issues of the reign of Tamar (r. 1184–1213), though characteristic wear and die irregularity are present on hammered flan. |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
Tamar's copper issues present a persistent attribution headache. The absence of a date formula on this type — unlike the regnal-dated variants — places it within an ongoing scholarly debate over whether undated pieces precede or follow the introduction of the Georgian era dating system under her reign. Tamar ruled from 1184 to 1213, a period that saw Georgian territorial expansion into Armenia, Anatolia, and parts of Persia, and her copper coinage circulated across a correspondingly wide geographic range.
Die axis consistency across surviving examples of this type is notably poor, suggesting decentralized or episodic striking.