Sultani - Murad III

Murad III ascended the throne in 1574 and almost immediately centralized mint authority, a move that made the Istanbul sultani the dominant gold coin across Ottoman trade networks stretching from Cairo to the Black Sea ports. His reign also saw the first serious debasements of the silver coinage, which pushed merchants and tax collectors toward gold for any transaction worth recording — increasing demand for precisely this type.

Pere #261 places this among the earlier strikes of his reign, before the gradual weight drift documented in later issues.