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Uncertain AR - Dust Muhammad Countermarked, Arabshahid
| Issuer | Khanate of Khiva (Arabshahid Dynasty) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1546-1558 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 2.87 g |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse bears a prominent rectangular or triangular cartouche enclosing bold Arabic calligraphic inscription, with additional marginal legends surrounding it in the field. The central cartouche, clearly applied as an official countermark by Dust Muhammad of the Arabshahid dynasty, contains the ruler's name or epithet in a formal, angular script. Surrounding inscription fragments are visible in the field and along the coin's periphery, partially obscured by the irregular flan and wear. The countermark is sharply struck relative to the underlying host coin, indicating deliberate official re-validation of the piece for continued circulation. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Dust Muhammad Khan ruled Khiva during a period of constant pressure from both the Shaybanid Uzbeks to the east and Safavid Iran to the south. The countermark on this piece reflects a pragmatic monetary practice common across Central Asian khanates: rather than reminting foreign or older silver, authorities simply restruck existing coin with a new authority mark, validating it for continued circulation under the new regime. The host coin remains unidentified, which itself is informative — these blanks were drawn from whatever silver was at hand.