1 Mun Seal script

Issued under King Sukjong of Goryeo, this coin was part of a deliberate state effort to establish a cash-coin economy in a kingdom that had relied primarily on grain and cloth as transaction media for centuries. The campaign largely failed — Korean merchants and peasants continued preferring commodity exchange well into the Joseon period, leaving many of these coins in effectively uncirculated condition despite their age.

The seal-script designation distinguishes this from contemporaneous Goryeo issues using standard clerical script, a detail that matters for attribution given how frequently these types are conflated in older Western references.