1 Pfennig - Deggendorf L. and E. Vollmuth

Vollmuth was a commercial firm in Deggendorf, Bavaria, that issued notgeld tokens during the acute small-change shortage that gripped Germany in the early 1920s. Private merchants and businesses across the country filled the gap left by an overwhelmed state mint system, producing iron, zinc, and pressed-cardboard pieces to make ordinary retail transactions possible.

Iron was the material of necessity, not choice — copper and brass had been requisitioned for war production years earlier and remained scarce well into the postwar period.