100 Piastres Violet frame

Printed locally in Hanoi under Japanese occupation, this note was produced by the Imprimerie d'Extrême-Orient because the normal supply chain from Metropolitan France had been severed. The Banque de l'Indochine continued issuing currency under Vichy authority until the Japanese coup of 9 March 1945 — the coup de force that dismantled French administrative control overnight — after which remaining stocks became operationally and politically awkward.

The reverse credit to Phạm Ngọc Khuê is notable: local Vietnamese engravers contributing to colonial banknote production was unusual enough to warrant attention, and his involvement reflects the practical necessity of relying on Hanoi-based talent once metropolitan resources were inaccessible.